A musical composition and a recording of it are separate copyright works. Owning or registering one does not automatically give you ownership or registration of the other.
The composition is the underlying music and any lyrics. The sound recording is a particular recorded performance. The Copyright Office explains the distinction in Circular 56A. A songwriter, performer and producer may contribute in different ways, so start by identifying the work and the contribution instead of assuming a single credit explains ownership.
Map your release rights
- List the songwriters and the agreement about their composition shares. Keep the agreed names and percentages consistent across your records.
- Identify the recording, performers, producers and any agreement about who owns or controls it. Retain the relevant contracts and permission documents.
- Record any existing samples, beats or other borrowed material and the scope of permission obtained. Buying a file is not a complete description of the rights granted.
- When discussing registration or licensing, state whether the conversation concerns the composition, recording or both.
Useful resources
Copyright Office Circular 56A — compares compositions and recordings and explains registration distinctions.
Copyright Office musician guide — introduces copyright, permission and registration topics for music creators.
A useful first step is a one-page summary with links to the actual agreements. If contributors disagree about ownership, get advice before submitting conflicting information or offering a license you may not control.
Have a question about your situation? Request a consultation with Arrington & Phillips.
General information, not legal advice for a specific matter.
